Long COVID – Neuropyschiatric

There is accumulating evidence in the literature indicating that a number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) may experience a range of neuropsychiatric symptoms, persisting or even presenting following the resolution of acute COVID‑19. Among the neuropsychiatric manifestations more frequently associated with ‘long COVID’ are depression, anxiety, post‑traumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbances, fatigue and cognitive deficits, that can potentially be debilitating and negatively affect patients’ wellbeing, albeit in the majority of cases symptoms tend to improve over time. Despite variations in results obtained from studies using different methodological approaches to define ‘long COVID’ syndrome, the most widely accepted factors associated with a higher risk of developing neuropsychiatric manifestations include the severity of foregoing COVID‑19, the female sex, the presence of comorbidities, a history of mental health disease and an elevation in the levels of inflammatory markers, albeit further research is required to establish causal associations. 

Neuropyschiatric- (Total reported symptoms: 80)

Neuropsychiatric-Behavioral (17)

Neuropsychiatric-Cognitive dysfunction (8)

Neuropsychiatric- Emotion mood (8)

Neuropsychiatric-Headache (2)

Neuropsychiatric-Memory (1)

Neuropsychiatric-Sleep (6)

Neuropsychiatric- Smell-taste (5)

Neuropsychiatric- Speech-language (5)

Neuropsychiatric- Finding (28)