Sleep disturbance (HP:0002360)
An abnormality of sleep including such phenomena as 1) insomnia/hypersomnia, 2) non-restorative sleep, 3) sleep schedule disorder, 4) excessive daytime somnolence, 5) sleep apnea, and 6) restlessness.
Synonyms: Trouble sleeping, Difficulty sleeping, Sleep dysfunction, Sleep disturbances
Cross References: SNOMEDCT_US:53888004, UMLS:C0037317
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Nicotine addiction | 9.018e-15 | 1.563e-13 | 880.41 | 28472.15 |
| 2 | Amphetamine addiction | 5.059e-16 | 2.631e-14 | 749.98 | 26414.43 |
| 3 | Circadian entrainment | 6.002e-15 | 1.560e-13 | 515.93 | 16894.89 |
| 4 | Long-term potentiation | 9.011e-11 | 7.810e-10 | 321.42 | 7434.41 |
| 5 | cAMP signaling pathway | 1.815e-12 | 2.359e-11 | 220.84 | 5970.43 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | regulation of NMDA receptor activity (GO:2000310) | 1.586e-18 | 2.394e-16 | 1863.40 | 76372.57 |
| 2 | excitatory chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0098976) | 3.147e-9 | 5.939e-8 | 2141.36 | 41921.23 |
| 3 | regulation of neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0099601) | 1.412e-16 | 1.066e-14 | 912.24 | 33293.64 |
| 4 | regulation of cation channel activity (GO:2001257) | 3.222e-15 | 1.622e-13 | 566.49 | 18902.93 |
| 5 | glutamate receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007215) | 4.093e-12 | 1.296e-10 | 623.69 | 16354.24 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity (GO:0022849) | 8.995e-10 | 6.168e-9 | 4283.14 | 89214.48 |
| 2 | ionotropic glutamate receptor activity (GO:0004970) | 5.833e-14 | 2.800e-12 | 1664.83 | 50731.79 |
| 3 | NMDA glutamate receptor activity (GO:0004972) | 5.033e-9 | 3.020e-8 | 1713.00 | 32730.63 |
| 4 | ligand-gated channel activity (GO:0022834) | 1.340e-12 | 2.556e-11 | 798.60 | 21832.48 |
| 5 | ligand-gated ion channel activity (GO:0015276) | 1.597e-12 | 2.556e-11 | 767.85 | 20856.82 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex (GO:0017146) | 5.033e-9 | 4.152e-8 | 1713.00 | 32730.63 |
| 2 | ionotropic glutamate receptor complex (GO:0008328) | 1.893e-12 | 3.123e-11 | 739.37 | 19957.87 |
| 3 | cation channel complex (GO:0034703) | 3.977e-13 | 1.312e-11 | 446.04 | 12735.72 |
| 4 | synaptic membrane (GO:0097060) | 2.326e-7 | 0.000001535 | 372.06 | 5682.76 |
| 5 | AMPA glutamate receptor complex (GO:0032281) | 0.00004255 | 0.0001080 | 277.39 | 2791.90 |
Hub genes predicted as biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| GRIN2B | MEMANTINE, FELBAMATE, ACAMPROSATE |
| GRIN2A | MEMANTINE, GLYCINE, DEXTROMETHORPHAN POLISTIREX |
| GRIN1 | MEMANTINE, ORPHENADRINE |
| GRIA4 | PERAMPANEL, PIRACETAM |
| CAMK2A | – |
| GRIA3 | METHOHEXITAL, BARBITAL, THIAMYLAL, ZALEPLON, ZOPICLONE, ZOLPIDEM |
| GABRG2 | – |
| KCNA1 | BUPIVACAINE, ISOFLURANE, DESFLURANE |
| SCN2A | – |
| CAMK2B | – |
