Shivering (HP:0025144)
Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles.
Synonyms: Shivering, Shuddering
Comment: Shivering is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals. Shivering is a bodily function in response to fever, early hypothermia or feeling cold.
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction | 1.080e-15 | 7.557e-15 | 532.90 | 18364.79 |
| 2 | Cholinergic synapse | 1.297e-9 | 3.027e-9 | 184.09 | 3767.09 |
| 3 | Nicotine addiction | 8.806e-7 | 0.000001541 | 231.12 | 3222.36 |
| 4 | Chemical carcinogenesis | 5.518e-10 | 1.931e-9 | 127.19 | 2711.44 |
| 5 | Calcium signaling pathway | 0.1137 | 0.1592 | 9.18 | 19.96 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | synaptic transmission, cholinergic (GO:0007271) | 5.352e-24 | 7.011e-22 | 7265.09 | 389297.06 |
| 2 | response to acetylcholine (GO:1905144) | 8.995e-10 | 1.964e-8 | 4283.14 | 89214.48 |
| 3 | anterograde trans-synaptic signaling (GO:0098916) | 5.108e-17 | 3.346e-15 | 756.57 | 28381.44 |
| 4 | cellular response to acetylcholine (GO:1905145) | 1.078e-8 | 2.017e-7 | 1223.45 | 22444.87 |
| 5 | chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0007268) | 4.030e-16 | 1.760e-14 | 596.76 | 21153.59 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | acetylcholine-gated cation-selective channel activity (GO:0022848) | 1.169e-26 | 2.571e-25 | 26649.33 | 1591265.17 |
| 2 | excitatory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity (GO:0005231) | 1.441e-23 | 1.057e-22 | 6146.77 | 323285.26 |
| 3 | postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (GO:0098960) | 1.441e-23 | 1.057e-22 | 6146.77 | 323285.26 |
| 4 | acetylcholine receptor activity (GO:0015464) | 2.264e-23 | 1.245e-22 | 5707.43 | 297599.13 |
| 5 | transmitter-gated ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential (GO:1904315) | 4.141e-22 | 1.822e-21 | 3630.55 | 178753.16 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | acetylcholine-gated channel complex (GO:0005892) | 2.127e-25 | 3.190e-24 | 13322.67 | 756859.90 |
| 2 | ion channel complex (GO:0034702) | 1.665e-21 | 1.248e-20 | 2957.48 | 141499.80 |
| 3 | neuron projection (GO:0043005) | 9.076e-14 | 4.538e-13 | 319.90 | 9606.86 |
| 4 | integral component of plasma membrane (GO:0005887) | 5.182e-10 | 1.943e-9 | 115.51 | 2469.57 |
| 5 | plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853) | 0.000007807 | 0.00002342 | 108.02 | 1270.32 |
Hub genes predicted as biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| CHRNA2 | PIPECURONIUM, METOCURINE, CISATRACURIUM, PANCURONIUM, MECAMYLAMINE, DOXACURIUM, MIVACURIUM, DECAMETHONIUM, VECURONIUM, TUBOCURARINE |
| CHRNB2 | NICOTINE, VARENICLINE, VARENICLINE TARTRATE, NICOTINE POLACRILEX |
| CHRNA4 | VARENICLINE |
| CHRNB4 | PENTOLINIUM TARTRATE, TRIMETHAPHAN CAMSYLATE, MECAMYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE |
| CHRNA7 | GALANTAMINE |
| CHRNA9 | NICOTINE |
| CHRNA3 | VARENICLINE, PENTOLINIUM TARTRATE, TREMETHAPHAN CAMYSLATE, MECAMYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE |
| CHRNB3 | – |
| CHRNB1 | SUCCINYLCHOLINE CHLORIDE, PIPECURONIUM BROMIDE, MIVACURIUM CHLORIDE, METOCURINE IODIDE, DOXACURIUM CHLORIDE, VECURONIUM BROMIDE, DECAMETHONIUM BROMIDE |
| KCNT1 | CLOFILIUM, LOXAPINE, QUINIDINE |
