LONG COVID – Increased circulating ferritin concentration

Increased circulating ferritin concentration (HP:0003281)

Increased concentration of ferritin in the blood circulation.

Synonyms:    Elevated serum ferritin, High ferritin level, Increased ferritin, Increased serum ferritin level, Hyperferritinaemia, Hyperferritinemia, Increased plasma ferritin

Comment:    Ferritin is a ubiquitous intracellular protein that stores iron. Ferritin levels measured in serum usually have a direct correlation with the total amount of iron stored in the body, but ferritin levels may also be increased with anemia of chronic disease or in the course of an acute phase reaction.

Cross References:    UMLS:C0241013, UMLS:C0743912, UMLS:C3854388

KEGG Pathway

IndexNameP-valueAdjusted p-valueOdds RatioCombined score
1Vitamin digestion and absorption0.011940.0710596.46427.12
2Allograft rejection0.018840.0710559.92237.98
3Apoptosis0.0021700.0419335.45217.39
4Graft-versus-host disease0.020810.0710554.06209.35
5Type I diabetes mellitus0.021300.0710552.77203.13

GO: Biological Process

IndexNameP-valueAdjusted p-valueOdds RatioCombined score
1regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway (GO:0070424)0.0024980.02906555.173326.77
2folate transmembrane transport (GO:0098838)0.0024980.02906555.173326.77
3drug transport (GO:0015893)0.0024980.02906555.173326.77
4cyclic-GMP-AMP transmembrane import across plasma membrane (GO:0140361)0.0024980.02906555.173326.77
5guanine nucleotide transmembrane transport (GO:1903790)0.0029970.02906444.112580.41

GO: Molecular Function

IndexNameP-valueAdjusted p-valueOdds RatioCombined score
1folic acid transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008517)0.0024980.02463555.173326.77
2oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, oxygen as acceptor (GO:0016634)0.0034950.02463370.072093.27
3glycine transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015187)0.0039940.02463317.191751.86
4endopeptidase activator activity (GO:0061133)0.0049900.02463246.681307.49
5purine ribonucleotide transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0005346)0.0054880.02463222.001155.57

GO: Celullar Component

IndexNameP-valueAdjusted p-valueOdds RatioCombined score
1cytolytic granule (GO:0044194)0.0000047190.00008965999.2512254.80
2primary lysosome (GO:0005766)0.0054880.05213222.001155.57
3mitochondrial intermembrane space (GO:0005758)0.028630.0999138.86138.07
4spindle microtubule (GO:0005876)0.030090.0999136.91129.31
5organelle envelope lumen (GO:0031970)0.031550.0999135.14121.47

Hub genes predicted as biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs

Hub Genes (ranked)FDA-Approved Drugs
XIAPETOPOSIDE PHOSPHATE
SLC25A38
STXBP2EMAPALUMAB
PRF1EMAPALUMAB
GLRX5
CPOX
NLRC4
SLC19A1RALTITREXED, PEMETREXED, LEUCOVORIN
TTC26
SLC7A7