Syncope (HP:0001279)
Syncope refers to a generalized weakness of muscles with loss of postural tone, inability to stand upright, and loss of consciousness. Once the patient is in a horizontal position, blood flow to the brain is no longer hindered by gravitation and consciousness is regained. Unconsciousness usually lasts for seconds to minutes. Headache and drowsiness (which usually follow seizures) do not follow a syncopal attack. Syncope results from a sudden impairment of brain metabolism usually due to a reduction in cerebral blood flow.
Synonyms: Fainting spell
Cross References: MSH:D013575, SNOMEDCT_US:271594007, SNOMEDCT_US:272030005, SNOMEDCT_US:309585006, UMLS:C0039070
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | 6.163e-7 | 0.00001726 | 90.61 | 1295.71 |
| 2 | Oxytocin signaling pathway | 0.00005163 | 0.0007229 | 56.31 | 555.83 |
| 3 | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy | 0.0006453 | 0.004086 | 66.38 | 487.64 |
| 4 | Cardiac muscle contraction | 0.0008229 | 0.004086 | 58.54 | 415.82 |
| 5 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0.0008802 | 0.004086 | 56.54 | 397.78 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction (GO:0086091) | 1.500e-24 | 3.121e-22 | 5988.00 | 328479.32 |
| 2 | membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential (GO:0086046) | 8.995e-10 | 1.701e-8 | 4283.14 | 89214.48 |
| 3 | SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell signaling (GO:0086018) | 8.995e-10 | 1.701e-8 | 4283.14 | 89214.48 |
| 4 | membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0086012) | 5.833e-14 | 2.799e-12 | 1664.83 | 50731.79 |
| 5 | regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization (GO:0060307) | 8.075e-14 | 2.799e-12 | 1536.69 | 46327.23 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization (GO:1902282) | 1.556e-11 | 6.069e-10 | 1665.17 | 41439.58 |
| 2 | voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization (GO:0086008) | 4.289e-11 | 8.363e-10 | 1210.85 | 28905.97 |
| 3 | voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0086006) | 0.000002248 | 0.00001461 | 1665.58 | 21661.60 |
| 4 | voltage-gated sodium channel activity (GO:0005248) | 1.379e-7 | 0.000001345 | 450.47 | 7115.97 |
| 5 | voltage-gated potassium channel activity (GO:0005249) | 2.538e-10 | 3.299e-9 | 258.61 | 5713.86 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | intercalated disc (GO:0014704) | 4.016e-7 | 0.000006626 | 305.54 | 4499.94 |
| 2 | voltage-gated sodium channel complex (GO:0001518) | 0.00003048 | 0.0001437 | 332.92 | 3461.84 |
| 3 | voltage-gated potassium channel complex (GO:0008076) | 3.373e-8 | 0.000001113 | 192.47 | 3311.50 |
| 4 | cell-cell contact zone (GO:0044291) | 0.000001443 | 0.00001587 | 194.28 | 2612.86 |
| 5 | sarcolemma (GO:0042383) | 0.000001964 | 0.00001620 | 174.41 | 2291.88 |
Hub genes as predicted biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| SCN5A | INDECAINIDE, BENZONATATE, FOSPHENYTOIN, MORICIZINE, HEXYLCAINE, PROCAINAMIDE, MEXILETINE, DISOPYRAMIDE |
| HCN4 | IVABRADINE HYDROCHLORIDE, DRONEDARONE HYDROCHLORIDE, IVABRADINE |
| KCND3 | – |
| CACNB2 | FELODIPINE, AMLODIPINE |
| KCNE2 | |
| KCNJ5 | – |
| SCN1B | ZONISAMIDE |
| ANK2 | – |
| KCNE3 | – |
| RYR2 | PROCAINE |
