Palpitations (HP:0001962)
A sensation that the heart is pounding or racing, which is a non-specific sign but may be a manifestation of arrhythmia.
Synonyms: Missed heart beat, Palpitations, Skipped heart beat, Heart palpitations
Cross References: SNOMEDCT_US:80313002, UMLS:C0030252
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes | 6.163e-7 | 0.00001849 | 90.61 | 1295.71 |
| 2 | Cardiac muscle contraction | 0.000009332 | 0.00009412 | 101.56 | 1176.29 |
| 3 | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 0.00001034 | 0.00009412 | 98.04 | 1125.55 |
| 4 | Dilated cardiomyopathy | 0.00001255 | 0.00009412 | 91.69 | 1034.81 |
| 5 | cGMP-PKG signaling pathway | 0.00006572 | 0.0003943 | 51.81 | 498.94 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation (GO:0051891) | 0.000002248 | 0.00002428 | 1665.58 | 21661.60 |
| 2 | regulation of cardioblast differentiation (GO:0051890) | 0.000002248 | 0.00002428 | 1665.58 | 21661.60 |
| 3 | cardiac atrium morphogenesis (GO:0003209) | 1.217e-10 | 9.855e-9 | 887.78 | 20267.77 |
| 4 | cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis (GO:0055008) | 1.893e-12 | 6.132e-10 | 739.37 | 19957.87 |
| 5 | atrial septum morphogenesis (GO:0060413) | 1.482e-8 | 4.001e-7 | 1070.46 | 19297.66 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | myosin heavy chain binding (GO:0032036) | 0.000004719 | 0.0002218 | 999.25 | 12254.80 |
| 2 | voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential (GO:0086006) | 0.002498 | 0.01612 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
| 3 | nitric-oxide synthase binding (GO:0050998) | 0.003495 | 0.01612 | 370.07 | 2093.27 |
| 4 | actin monomer binding (GO:0003785) | 0.00006709 | 0.001577 | 217.03 | 2085.58 |
| 5 | potassium channel inhibitor activity (GO:0019870) | 0.004492 | 0.01612 | 277.53 | 1500.17 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | muscle myosin complex (GO:0005859) | 0.00002354 | 0.0006357 | 384.17 | 4094.01 |
| 2 | cardiac myofibril (GO:0097512) | 0.002498 | 0.01124 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
| 3 | myofibril (GO:0030016) | 0.00007845 | 0.001059 | 199.65 | 1887.30 |
| 4 | sarcolemma (GO:0042383) | 0.0002944 | 0.002647 | 99.70 | 810.62 |
| 5 | caveola (GO:0005901) | 0.0003921 | 0.002647 | 85.91 | 673.90 |
Hub genes as predicted biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| SCN5A | INDECAINIDE, BENZONATATE, FOSPHENYTOIN, MORICIZINE, HEXYLCAINE, PROCAINAMIDE, MEXILETINE, DISOPYRAMIDE |
| MYH6 | – |
| MYL2 | – |
| NKX2-5 | – |
| NPPA | CLORTHALIDONE, AMLODIPINE |
| TBX20 | – |
| GATA4 | WARFARIN |
| MYL3 | – |
| CAV3 | – |
| KCND3 | – |
