Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (HP:0007018)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient.
Synonyms: ADHD, Attention deficit, Attention deficit disorder, Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, Attention deficits, Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Cross References: MSH:D001289, SNOMEDCT_US:406506008, SNOMEDCT_US:7461003, UMLS:C1263846
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Nicotine addiction | 2.854e-9 | 1.342e-7 | 369.52 | 7270.07 |
| 2 | GABAergic synapse | 7.537e-8 | 0.000001771 | 156.12 | 2560.47 |
| 3 | Morphine addiction | 0.00001068 | 0.0001674 | 96.93 | 1109.48 |
| 4 | Dopaminergic synapse | 0.00003260 | 0.0003830 | 65.98 | 681.69 |
| 5 | Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling | 0.00004587 | 0.0004312 | 58.66 | 585.95 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | neuronal action potential (GO:0019228) | 1.379e-7 | 0.000003241 | 450.47 | 7115.97 |
| 2 | synaptic transmission, GABAergic (GO:0051932) | 0.00001235 | 0.00007736 | 555.03 | 6273.06 |
| 3 | inhibitory synapse assembly (GO:1904862) | 0.00001235 | 0.00007736 | 555.03 | 6273.06 |
| 4 | membrane depolarization (GO:0051899) | 4.430e-7 | 0.000006941 | 294.99 | 4315.59 |
| 5 | regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential (GO:0060078) | 5.841e-7 | 0.000007844 | 267.29 | 3836.51 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | benzodiazepine receptor activity (GO:0008503) | 0.00001010 | 0.0001683 | 624.44 | 7182.69 |
| 2 | extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity (GO:0005230) | 0.00001235 | 0.0001683 | 555.03 | 6273.06 |
| 3 | GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity (GO:0022851) | 0.00001750 | 0.0001769 | 454.07 | 4973.59 |
| 4 | inhibitory extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity (GO:0005237) | 0.00002041 | 0.0001769 | 416.21 | 4494.85 |
| 5 | glutamate-gated calcium ion channel activity (GO:0022849) | 0.002498 | 0.006494 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | voltage-gated sodium channel complex (GO:0001518) | 0.00003048 | 0.0001905 | 332.92 | 3461.84 |
| 2 | GABA-A receptor complex (GO:1902711) | 0.00003830 | 0.0001915 | 293.72 | 2987.15 |
| 3 | sodium channel complex (GO:0034706) | 0.00006709 | 0.0002795 | 217.03 | 2085.58 |
| 4 | neuron to neuron synapse (GO:0098984) | 0.003994 | 0.009984 | 317.19 | 1751.86 |
| 5 | NMDA selective glutamate receptor complex (GO:0017146) | 0.003994 | 0.009984 | 317.19 | 1751.86 |
Hub genes predicted as biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| GABRG2 | – |
| GABRA1 | METHOHEXITAL, BARBITAL, THIAMYLAL, ZALEPLON, ZOPICLONE, ZOLPIDEM |
| SCN1A | ETHOSUXIMIDE |
| KCNA2 | – |
| KCNT1 | CLOFILIUM, LOXAPINE, QUINIDINE |
| SCN8A | – |
| GRIN2A | MEMANTINE, GLYCINE, DEXTROMETHORPHAN POLISTIREX |
| SLC6A1 | TIAGABINE, TIAGABINE HYDROCHLORIDE |
| CACNA1B | ZICONOTIDE, ZICONOTIDE ACETATE, AMLODIPINE, LEVETIRACETAM |
| ATP1A3 | ACETYLDIGITOXIN, DESLANOSIDE, DIGITOXIN |
