Irregular menstruation (HP:0000858)
Abnormally high variation in the amount of time between periods.
Synonyms: Menstrual irregularity, Irregular menses, Irregular periods, Menstrual irregularities
Comment: Most women have between 11 and 13 menstrual periods each year. Bleeding usually lasts around 5 days (range: 2 to 7 days). When menstruation first starts, it can take up to 2 years to establish a regular cycle. After puberty, most women’s menstruation is regular. The length of time between each period is similar. The normal menstrual cycle length is 28 (+/- 7) days days with the menstruation lasting between 2 and 7 days. It can take up to 2 years from menarche to develop a mature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Within 1 year, 75 percent of girls have a cycle between 21 and 45 days. By the fifth gynecological year, 90 percent of girls will have regular cycles.
Pubmed References: PMID:29323693
Cross References: SNOMEDCT_US:80182007, UMLS:C0156404
KEGG Pathway
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | Insulin signaling pathway | 3.435e-9 | 2.405e-7 | 150.44 | 2931.94 |
| 2 | Glucagon signaling pathway | 1.586e-7 | 0.000005551 | 128.72 | 2015.32 |
| 3 | Cushing syndrome | 7.027e-7 | 0.00001640 | 87.59 | 1240.99 |
| 4 | Morphine addiction | 0.00001068 | 0.0001496 | 96.93 | 1109.48 |
| 5 | Calcium signaling pathway | 0.000004013 | 0.00007022 | 55.80 | 693.40 |
GO: Biological Process
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | glycogen catabolic process (GO:0005980) | 4.082e-8 | 0.000002964 | 713.50 | 12139.53 |
| 2 | glucan catabolic process (GO:0009251) | 4.082e-8 | 0.000002964 | 713.50 | 12139.53 |
| 3 | cellular polysaccharide catabolic process (GO:0044247) | 5.023e-8 | 0.000002964 | 658.58 | 11068.58 |
| 4 | negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling (GO:0043951) | 0.00001010 | 0.0002980 | 624.44 | 7182.69 |
| 5 | cellular glucan metabolic process (GO:0006073) | 0.00001235 | 0.0003122 | 555.03 | 6273.06 |
GO: Molecular Function
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity (GO:0004691) | 0.002498 | 0.01463 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
| 2 | beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding (GO:0031698) | 0.002498 | 0.01463 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
| 3 | Y-form DNA binding (GO:0000403) | 0.002498 | 0.01463 | 555.17 | 3326.77 |
| 4 | 3′,5′-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity (GO:0004114) | 0.00004701 | 0.0006328 | 262.78 | 2618.60 |
| 5 | cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity (GO:0004690) | 0.002997 | 0.01536 | 444.11 | 2580.41 |
GO: Cellular Component
| Index | Name | P-value | Adjusted p-value | Odds Ratio | Combined score |
| 1 | calcium channel complex (GO:0034704) | 0.0002202 | 0.002422 | 115.97 | 976.58 |
| 2 | cation channel complex (GO:0034703) | 0.0005802 | 0.002682 | 70.14 | 522.67 |
| 3 | plasma membrane raft (GO:0044853) | 0.0007315 | 0.002682 | 62.22 | 449.25 |
| 4 | voltage-gated calcium channel complex (GO:0005891) | 0.01540 | 0.03387 | 73.93 | 308.54 |
| 5 | membrane raft (GO:0045121) | 0.002846 | 0.007826 | 30.79 | 180.49 |
Hub genes predicted as biomarkers & predicted FDA approved drugs
| Hub Genes (ranked) | FDA-Approved Drugs |
| PRKAR1A | – |
| PRKACA | – |
| PHKB | – |
| PDE11A | TADALAFIL |
| PDE4D | DYPHYLLINE, ROFLUMILAST, APREMILAST |
| PHKA2 | – |
| AIP | – |
| MEN1 | OLSALAZINE |
| PHKG2 | – |
| GPR101 | – |
